@article {RW Papyrus$\#$ 102797,
	title = {Allozyme electrophoretic analysis of the Hediste limnicola - H. diversicolor - H. japonica species complex (Polychaeta:Nereididae)},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {118},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Research article; hediste limnicola; hediste diversicolor; hediste japonica; genetics; fertilization; gene flow; california; oregon; USA; north america; germany; europe; japan.; ; ;},
	pages = {463-470},
	abstract = {Three morphologically similar species of the polychaete genus Hediste (H. limnicola (Johnson, 1901), H. diversicolor (O. F. Muller, 1776), and H. japonica (Izuka, 1908)) have been described, respectively, from the west coast of North America, Europe, and Japan. Although these taxa are geographically isolated by oceans, the morphological criteria by which they can be separated are sufficiently variable as to make identification difficult. We have compared these three taxa biochemically using ten allozyme loci and have found that they are genetically distinct and constitute valid species. H. japonica (collected in June 1990 from Kyushu, Japan) appears more closely related to H. limnicola (collected in July 1989 from two sites in California and two in Oregon, USA) than it is to H. diversicolor (collected in October-November 1989 from the Weser estuary and the Jadebusen in Germany). H. limnicola has been recognized previously as a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, but it is quite polymorphic in the four populations examined and we suggest that some cross-fertilization must occur in the field. Marked allele frequency differences between the two H. diversicolor populations examined, which were separated by only about 30 km, suggested that there was restricted gene flow between populations, or that there had been strong short-term selection.},
	keywords = {ABRS FAUNA VOL4 NEEDED NEREIDIDAE NEEDED paragnath ms new},
	author = {Fong, P. P. and Garthwaite, R. L.}
}
@article {RW Papyrus$\#$ 110147,
	title = {Allozyme electrophoretic analysis of the Hediste limnicola - H. diversicolor - H. japonica species complex (Polychaeta:Nereididae)},
	journal = {Marine Biology.},
	volume = {118},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {463},
	abstract = {Three morphologically similar species of the polychaete genus Hediste [H. limnicola (Johnson, 1901), H. diversicolor (O. E M/iller, 1776), and H. japonica (Izuka, 1908)] have been described, respectively, from the west coast of North America, Europe, and Japan. Although these taxa are geographically isolated by oceans, the morphological criteria by which they can be separated are sufficiently variable as to make identification difficult. We have compared these three taxa biochemically using ten allozyme loci and have found that they are genetically distinct and constitute valid species. H. japonica (collected in June 1990 from Kyushu, Japan) appears more closely related to H. limnicola (collected in July 1989 from two sites in California and two in Oregon, USA) than it is to H. diversicolor (collected in October- November 1989 from the Weser estuary and the Jadebusen in Germany). H. limnicola has been recognized previously as a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, but it is quite polymorphic in the four populations examined and we suggest that some cross-fertilization must occur in the field. Marked allele frequency differences between the two H. diversicolor populations examined, which were separated by only about 30 km, suggested that there was restricted gene flow between populations, or that there had been strong short-term selection.},
	author = {Fong, P. P. and Garthwaite, R. L.}
}
@article {RW Papyrus$\#$ 103640,
	title = {Evidence for a programmed circannual life cycle modulated by increasing daylengths in Neanthes limnicola (Polychaeta: Nereidae) from central California},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin, Woods Hole},
	volume = {182},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Neanthes limnicola; BIRTH-; Seasonality, effect of photoperiod variation; BREEDING-SEASON; Photoperiod seasonal variation relationships; FECUNDITY-; LIFE-CYCLE; Circannual, effect of seasonal photoperiod changes; LONGEVITY-; PHOTOPERIOD-; Seasonal variation effects of life cycle \& reproduction; ; ; RW polychaete box},
	pages = {289-297,illustr},
	abstract = {Timing of parturition, fecundity, and life span were determined in laboratory cultures of the semelparous, self-fertilizing, viviparous polychaete Neanthes limnicola. Worms were exposed to fixed daylengths (short-8h light: 16h dark; neutral-12h:12h; long-16h:8h), switched between different fixed daylengths, and switched from fixed daylengths to increasing or decreasing daylengths. Timing of parturition was synchronized when under neutral daylength, but became asynchronous under both short and long daylength, as well as when any of the fixed daylength was followed by decreasing daylenths. Worms under neutral daylength had the highest fecundities and shortest life spans, while those under long days had the lowest fecundities and longer life spans. When fixed daylength (short, neutral, long) was followed by increasing daylengths, timing of parturition was synchronized, fecundity was high, and life span shortened. These and earlier published experiments on the influence of seasonally changing photoperiods indicate that the life cycle of the estuarine N. limnicola is programmed to be completed in somewhat less than a year, and that seasonally changing photoperiods modulate it to determine the optimal time of parturition.},
	keywords = {REPRINT/PHOTOCOPY},
	author = {Fong, P. P. and Pearse, J. S.}
}
